RESEARCH PAPER
The toxic effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on engorged Ixodes ricinus females
 
More details
Hide details
1
Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
 
2
Chair and Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
 
 
Corresponding author
Alicja Buczek   

Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
 
 
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(2):259-262
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
introduction. Ixodes ricinus tick is of great medical and veterinary importance and has a wide range of geographical distribution. The study presents the effect of permethrin (Per) and cypermethrin (CM) on engorged I. ricinus females.

Material and Methods:
The effect of perythroids studied on engorged I. ricinus females was assessed on the basis of the pre-oviposition and oviposition period. Remote effects of Per and CM application were assessed by investigation of the length and course of embryonic development and larval hatching from eggs laid by pyrethroid-treated females. Per (Copex WP) was used at doses of 0.78125–25.0 µg/1 specimen, and CM (Kordon 10WP) was applied at 0.3125–10.0 µg/1 specimen. Immediately after the feeding period, I. ricinus females were sprayed with 20 µl of a pyrethroid solution and kept at 28°C and 75%RH.

Results:
The experiments demonstrated that CM exerted a stronger toxic effect on I. ricinus females than Per. The lowest doses of CM doubled the length of the pre-oviposition period while its highest doses prolonged the period nearly three times compared with the control. The pyrethroids applied reduced the number and weight of eggs and changed the parameters of the oviposition process. Application of the tested pyrethroid doses led to disturbances in the embryonic development of I. ricinus, i.e. the development was prolonged, few normal larvae hatched, numerous eggs and embryos at various developmental stages died, and larval hatch was inhibited.

Conclusions:
Knowledge about the sensitivity of engorged females to different doses of the tested pyrethroids and the remote effects of their action can be used in practice for tick control among livestock animals, and the reduction of tick population abundance in the environment.

 
REFERENCES (24)
1.
George JE, Pound JM, Davey RB. Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides. Parasitology. 2004; 129: 353–366.
 
2.
Bartosik K, Kubrak T, Olszewski T, Jung M, Buczek A. Prevention of tick bites and protection against tick-borne diseases in south-eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2008; 15: 181–185.
 
3.
Cisak E, Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V, Dutkiewicz J. Repellents and acaricides as personal protection measures in the prevention of tick-borne diseases. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19: 625–630.
 
4.
Harrov ID, Gration KA, Evans NA. Neurobiology of arthropod parasites. Parasitology 1991; 10: 59–69.
 
5.
Dekeyser MA, Downer RGH. Biochemical and Physiological Targets for Miticides. Pestic Sci. 1994; 40: 85–101.
 
6.
Buczek A, Bartosik K, Kuczyński P. Evaluation of the effect of various concentrations of selected pyrethroids on the development of Dermacentor reticulatus eggs and larvae. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013; 120: 592–596.
 
7.
Schorderet S, Brossard M. Changes in immunity to Ixodes ricinus by rabbits infested at different levels. Med Vet Entomol. 1993; 7: 186–192.
 
8.
Garris GI, Barré N. Acaricide susceptibility of Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) from Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe. Exp Appl Acarol. 1991; 12: 171–179.
 
9.
Bianchi MW, Barré N, Messard S. Factors related to cattle infestation level and resistance to acaricides in Boophilus microplus tick populations in New Caledonia. Vet Parasitol. 2003; 112: 75–89.
 
10.
Sharma AK, Kumar R, Kumar S, Nagar G, Singh NK, Rawat SS, Dhakad ML, Rawat AK, Ray DD, Ghosh S. Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 188: 337–345.
 
11.
Chinzei Y, Ito K, Ando K. Cypermethrin induction of vitellogenesis and ovarian development in unfed adult female Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). Invert Reprod Dev. 1989; 15: 19–26.
 
12.
Taylor D, Chinzei Y, Ito K, Higuchi N, Ando K. Stimulation of vitellogenesis by pyrethroids in mated and virgin female adults and 4th instar female nymphs of Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). J Med Entomol. 1991; 28: 322–329.
 
13.
Friesen KJ, Kaufman WR. Cypermethrin inhibits egg development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Pest Bioch Physiol. 2003; 76: 25–25.
 
14.
Roma GC, Furquim KCS, Bechara GH, Camargo-Mathias MI. Permethrin-induced morphological changes in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48: 825–830.
 
15.
Davey RB, Ahrens EH, George JE, Hunter III, JS, Jeannin P. Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of fipronil against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle. Vet Parasitol. 1998; 74: 261–276.
 
16.
Oliveira PR, Bechara GH, Camargo-Mathias MI. Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of fipronil on ovaries of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) tick female. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 47: 2459–2465.
 
17.
Bicalho KA, Ferreira F, Borges LM, Ribeiro MFB. In vitro evaluation of the effects of some acaricides on Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae). Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2001; 53: 548–552.
 
18.
Buczek A. Reduction in egg hatch of Argas (Argas) reflexus (Fabr.)(Acari: Argasidae) due to colchicines. Anz Schadlingkd Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 1993; 66: 131–134.
 
19.
Buczek A. Influence of iodine compounds on embryogenesis of Argas (A.) reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae). Acta Parasitol. 1993; 38: 41–43.
 
20.
Buczek A. Susceptibility of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) to chemical compounds. In: Boczek J, Ignatowicz S. (eds.). Proc Symp „Advances of Acarology in Poland”. 1995. p.242–251.
 
21.
Baugnet F, Chardonnet L. Tick resistance to pyrethroids in New Caledonia. Vet Parasitol. 1995; 56: 325–338.
 
22.
Mekonnen S, Bryson NR, Fourie LJ, Peter RJ, Sickett AM, Taylor RJ, Strdom T, Horak IG. Acaricide resistance profiles of single- and multi-host ticks from communal and commercial farming areas in the Eastern Cape and North-West Provinces of South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2002; 69: 99–105.
 
23.
Barré N, Li AY, Miller RJ, Gaia H, Delathié re J-M, Davey RB, George JE. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of deltamethrin and amitraz mixtures for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in New Caledonia. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 155: 110–119.
 
24.
Fernández-Salas A, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Alonso- Diaz MÁ. Resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to amitraz and cypermethrin in tropical cattle farms in Veracruz, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2012; 98: 1010–1014.
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top