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RESEARCH PAPER
Subjective health literacy among Polish adolescents in 2018 vs 2022 – impact of gender, age, and socio-economic factors during COVID-19
1
Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
2
Institute of Mother and Child, Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Biomedical Foundations of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, Poland
4
Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Warsaw, Poland
Corresponding author
Dorota Wiktoria Kleszczewska
Institute of Mother and Child, Foundation, Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Mother and Child, Foundation, Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
The results of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys conducted in 2018 and 2022 allow for a comparison of selected health-related indicators from before the COVID-19 pandemic and from its final phase. The aim of the study is to assess the level of health literacy (HL) among Polish students aged 13–17 years.
Material and methods:
The surveys were conducted with nationwide samples of students (N2018=5648 and N2022=4994, respectively). Changes in the overall HLSAC-5 index and its five dimensions were examined.
Results:
The findings indicate a significant decline in the average HLSAC-5 scores from 15.35±2.40 to 14.84±2.80, alongside an increase in the proportion of students with low HL from 9.85% – 23.67%. Concurrently, the percentage of students rating their health as poor rose from 3.5% to 9.1%. An increasing disparity in HL levels across schools was also observed, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) escalating from 3.4% to 6.1%. General linear model confirmed a significant influence of gender, age, place of living, family affluence, self-rated health, and eight significant 2-way or 3-way interactions between independent variables. Notably, there were five significant 3-way interactions involving the year of the survey and self-rated health, with the third factor, gender, age, family wealth, presence of a chronic disease, and place of residence, respectively.
Conclusions:
The study highlights the dynamic nature of HL and its evolving relationship with various socio-demographic and health factors over time. The changes in students’ HL may have been influenced by factors related to living and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The results of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys conducted in 2018 and 2022 allow for a comparison of selected health-related indicators from before the COVID-19 pandemic and from its final phase. The aim of the study is to assess the level of health literacy (HL) among Polish students aged 13–17 years.
Material and methods:
The surveys were conducted with nationwide samples of students (N2018=5648 and N2022=4994, respectively). Changes in the overall HLSAC-5 index and its five dimensions were examined.
Results:
The findings indicate a significant decline in the average HLSAC-5 scores from 15.35±2.40 to 14.84±2.80, alongside an increase in the proportion of students with low HL from 9.85% – 23.67%. Concurrently, the percentage of students rating their health as poor rose from 3.5% to 9.1%. An increasing disparity in HL levels across schools was also observed, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) escalating from 3.4% to 6.1%. General linear model confirmed a significant influence of gender, age, place of living, family affluence, self-rated health, and eight significant 2-way or 3-way interactions between independent variables. Notably, there were five significant 3-way interactions involving the year of the survey and self-rated health, with the third factor, gender, age, family wealth, presence of a chronic disease, and place of residence, respectively.
Conclusions:
The study highlights the dynamic nature of HL and its evolving relationship with various socio-demographic and health factors over time. The changes in students’ HL may have been influenced by factors related to living and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work carried out as part of the statutory project of the Institute of Mother and Child, entitled: Evaluation of trends in health indicators and health behaviours of school-aged children and adolescents aged 11, 13, 15, and 17 years, taking into account the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic.
(Ocena kierunków zmian wskaźników zdrowia i zachowań zdrowotnych dzieci i młodzieży szkolnej w wieku 11,13,15 i 17 lat z uwzględnieniem wpływu pandemii Covid-19).
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