Blood serum samples collected from randomly selected groups of 100 persons inhabiting rural community ‘A’ located in eastern Poland and exposed to floods by the Vistula river, and 98 persons inhabiting rural community ‘B’, also located in eastern Poland, but in the area not exposed to floods were examined by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of antibodies against 18 Leptospira serovars. Positive results showed 3% of serum samples collected from community ‘A’, while the seroprevalence in community ‘B’ was 9.2%, being insignificantly higher than in community ‘A’. For both examined communities (n=198), a significant positive correlation was found between the prevalence and titer of seropositive response and age of examined people (r=0.145, p=0.042). No significant differences were found between the prevalence of positive reactions in males and females (p>0.05). The reactions with 10 serovars of Leptospira (Australis, Autumnalis, Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Sejroe, Zanoni, Bataviae, Bratislava, Canicola and Grippotyphosa), belonging to 3 species (L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri), were found in the examined communities. From both communities, of 12 persons demonstrating positive results in MAT, 9 showed reaction with one serovar, 2 with two serovars and 1 with three serovars. The highest titers found during the examination did not exceeded 800. In conclusion, our results suggest that there is only a slight, if any, hazard of an leptospirosis epidemic after the flood that afflicted eastern Poland in the year 2010 and the general epidemiological situation of leptospirosis in eastern Poland. Although there does not seem to be any cause for concern, further research is needed.