Online first
Current issue
Archive
Special Issues
About the Journal
Publication Ethics
Anti-Plagiarism system
Instructions for Authors
Instructions for Reviewers
Editorial Board
Editorial Office
Contact
Reviewers
All Reviewers
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
General Data Protection Regulation (RODO)
REVIEW PAPER
Repellents and acaricides as personal protection measures in the prevention of tick-borne diseases
1
Department of Zoonoses, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):625-630
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
A number of preventive measures for the protection of humans against tick-borne diseases were evaluated. Measures involving the avoidance of tick bites with the use of protective clothing and insect repellents are the simplest and most effective. Repellents are applied directly to the skin or clothing and other fabrics, such as bednets, tents and anti-mosquito screens. Currently, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is considered the most efficient arthropod repellent reference substance. The registered and recommended active repellent ingredients for skin and/or cloths application, among others, are: DEET, 1-methyl-propyl-2- (hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin), p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), ethyl butylactyloaminopropionate ( IR3535), 1S,2S-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220), racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) and synthethic pyrethroid – 3-phenoxybenzyl-cis-trans-3(2,2 dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylate (permethrin) – an acaricide with repellent properties. To achieve the protection from tick bites by avoiding attachment and/or engorgement by the arthropod, acaricides with repellent properties, such as synthetic pyrethroid-permethrin are used. This pyrethroid is an acaricide of choice used for clothing impregnation, which is effective for personal protection against all three parasitic stages of western black-legged ticks. Products based on natural compounds, e.g. eugenol from Ocimum basilicum, 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato, geraniol – a natural product extracted from plants, and many others, represent an interesting alternative to common synthetic repellents and/or acaricides.
REFERENCES (68)
1.
Dutkiewicz J, Cisak E, Sroka J, Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V. Biological agents as occupational hazards – selected issues. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18: 286-293.
2.
Bartosik K, Lachowska-Kotowska P, Szymańska J, Pabis A, Buczek A. Lyme borreliosis in south-eastern Poland: relationships with environmental factors and medical attention standards. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18: 131-137.
3.
Bartosik K, Lachowska-Kotowska P, Szymańska J, Wójcik-Fatla A, Pabis A, Buczek A. Environmental conditioning of incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in the south-eastern Poland in 1996-2006. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18: 119-126.
4.
Bartosik K, Sitarz M, Szymańska J, Buczek A.Tick bites on humans in the agricultural and recreational areas in south-eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18: 151-157.
5.
Daniel M, Materna J, Honig V, Metelka L, Danielová V, Harcarik J, Kliegrová S, Grubho er L. Vertical distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogens in the northern Moravian mountains correlated with climate warming (Jeseníky Mts., Czech Republic). Cent Eur J Public Health. 2009; 17: 139-145.
6.
Clark RP, Hu LT. Prevention of lyme disease and other tick-borne infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008; 22: 381-396.
7.
Nygård K, Brantsaeter AB, Mehl R. Disseminated and chronic Lyme borreliosis in Norway,7. 1995 – 2004. Euro Surveill. 2005; 10: 235-238.
8.
Welc-Falęciak R, Hildebrandt A, Siński E. Co-infection with Borrelia species and other tick-borne pathogens in humans: two cases from Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2010; 17: 309-313.
9.
Jameson LJ, Medlock JM. Tick surveillance in Great Britain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011; 11: 403-412.
10.
Schwantes U, Dautel H, Jung G. Prevention of infectious tick-borne diseases in humans: Comparative studies of the repellency of different dodecanoic acid-formulations against Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari:Ixodidae). Parasit Vectors. 2008; 1: 8.
11.
Cisak E, Zwoliński J, Chmielewska-Badora J, Dutkiewicz J, Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V. Analysis of the state of knowledge and awareness in the area of tick-borne diseases prophylaxis in the population at occupational risk. Zdr Publ. 2011; 121: 47-51.
12.
Cisak E, Zając V,Wójcik-Fatla A, Dutkiewicz J. Risk of tick-borne diseases in various categories of employment among forestry workers in eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012; 19: 469-474.
13.
Cisak E,Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V, Sroka J, Dutkiewicz J. Risk of Lyme disease at various sites and workplaces of forestry workers in eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012; 19: 465-468.
14.
Huegli D, Moret J, Rais O, Moosmann Y, Erard P, Malinverni R, Gern L. Prospective study on the incidence of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato after a tick bite in a highly endemic area of Switzerland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2011; 2: 129-136.
15.
Gern L. Life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmission to humans. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2009; 37: 18-30.
16.
Patey O. Lyme disease: prophylaxis after tick bite. Med Mal Infect. 2007; 37: 446-455 (in French).
17.
Bhate C, Schwartz RA. Lyme disease: Part II. Management and prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 64: 639-53.
18.
Vázquez M, Muehlenbein C, Cartter M, Hayes EB, Ertel S, Shapiro ED. E ectiveness of personal protective measures to prevent Lyme disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14: 210-216.
19.
Flicek BF. Rickettsial and other tick-borne infections. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2007; 19: 27- 38.
20.
Dautel H. Test systems for tick repellents. Int J Med Microbiol. 2004; 293 (Suppl 37): 182-188.
21.
Wormser GP. Prevention of Lyme borreliosis.Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2005; 117: 385-91.
22.
Plotkin SA. Correcting a public health fiasco: The need for a new vaccine against Lyme disease.Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52 (Suppl 3): 271-275.
23.
Nentwig G. Use of repellents as prophylactic agents. Parasitol Res. 2003; 90 (Suppl 1): 40-48.
24.
Appel KE, Gundert-Remy U, Fischer H, Faulde M, Mross KG, Letzel S, Rossbach B. Risk assessment of Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) permethrin-impregnated battle dress uniforms (BDU). Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008; 1-2: 88-104.
25.
Gould LH, Nelson RS, Griffith KS, Hayes EB, Piesman J, Mead PS, Cartter ML. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Lyme disease prevention among Connecticut residents, 1999-2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008; 8: 769-776.
26.
Lane RS. Treatment of clothing with a permethrin spray for personal protection against the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol.1989; 6: 343-352.
27.
DethierVG, Browne LB, Smith CN. The designation of chemicals in terms of the response they elicit from insects. J Econ Entomol. 1960; 53: 134-136.
28.
Halos L, Baneth G, Beugnet F, Bowman AS, Chomel B, Farkas R, et al. Defining the concept of ‘tick repellency’ in veterinary medicine. Parasitology. 2012; 139: 419-23.
29.
Matysiak J, Niewiadomy A. Synthetic insect repellents as prophylactic agents. In: Arthropods –a variety of forms and interractions (Eds: Buczek A, Błaszak Cz). Koliber, Lublin 2005: 341-349.
30.
Carroll JF, Benante JP, Klun JA, White CE, Debboun M, Pound JM, Dheranetra W. Twelve-hour duration testing of cream formulations of three repellents against Amblyomma americanum. Med Vet Entomol. 2008; 22: 144-151.
31.
Carroll JF, Benante JP, Kramer M, Lohmeyer KH, Lawrence K. Formulations of deet, picaridin, and IR3535 applied to skin repel nymphs of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae) for 12 hours. J Med Entomol. 2010; 47: 699-704.
32.
Faulde MK, Albiez G, Nehring O. Insecticidal, acaricidal and repellent effects of DEET- and IR3535-impregnated bed nets using a novel long-lasting polymer-coating technique. Parasitol Res. 2010; 106: 957-965.
33.
Faulde MK, Nehring O. Synergistic insecticidal and repellent effects of combined pyrethroid and repellent-impregnated bed nets using a novel long- lasting polymer-coating multi-layer technique. Parasitol Res. 2012; 111: 755-765.
34.
Miller NJ, Rainone EE, Dyer MC, González ML, Mather TN. Tick bite protection with permethrin-treated summer-weight clothing. J Med Entomol. 2011; 48: 327-333.
35.
Buczek A, Grad K, Kubicka K, Ciura D, Maciukajc J. Chemicals in tick (Acari: Ixodida) control. In: Arthropods-parasites and vectors (Eds: Buczek A, Błaszak Cz). KGM, Lublin 2001: 259-272.
36.
Buczek A, Kuczyński P, Kulina D, Tarczyńska E, Rudek AJ. Synthetic pyrethroids used in tick control (Acari: Ixodida). In: Arhropods-epidemiological importance (Eds: Buczek A, Błaszak Cz). Koliber, Lublin 2006: 339-345.
37.
Semmler M, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Rasheid KA, Mehlhorn H. Comparison of the tick repellent efficacy of chemical and biological products originating from Europe and the USA. Parasitol Res. 2011; 108: 899-904.
38.
Carroll JF, Solberg VB, Klun JA, Kramer M, Debboun M. Comparative activity of deet and AI3-37220 repellents against the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays. J Med Entomol. 2004; 41: 249-554.
39.
Carroll SP. Prolonged e cacy of IR3535 repellents against mosquitoes and blacklegged ticks in North America. J Med Entomol. 2008; 45: 706-714.
40.
Carroll JF, Klun JA, Debboun M. Repellency of deet and SS220 applied to skin involves olfactory sensing by two species of ticks. Med Vet Entomol. 2005; 19: 101-106.
41.
Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Phytochemistry. 2011; 72: 109-114.
42.
Zorloni A, Penzhorn BL, Elo JN. Extracts of Calpurnia aurea leaves from southern Ethiopia attract and immobilise or kill ticks. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 168: 160-164.
43.
Khallaayoune K, Biron JM, Chaoui A, Duvallet G. E cacy of 1% geraniol (Fulltec) as a tick repellent. Parasite. 2009; 16: 223-226.
44.
Del Fabbro S, Nazzi F. Repellent effect of sweet basil compounds on Ixodes ricinus ticks. Exp Appl Acarol. 2008; 45: 219-28.
45.
Jaenson TG, Garboui S, Palsson K. Repellency of oils of lemon eucalyptus, geranium, and lavender and the mosquito repellent MyggA natural to Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the laboratory and field. J Med Entomol. 2006; 43: 731-736.
46.
Dietrich G, Dolan MC, Peralta-Cruz J, Schmidt J, Piesman J, Eisen RJ, Karchesy JJ. Repellent activity of fractioned compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2006; 43: 957-961.
47.
Garboui SS, Jaenson TG, Borg-Karlson AK, Pålsson K. Repellency of methyl jasmonate to Ixodes ricinus nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2007; 42: 209-215.
48.
Pålsson K, Jaenson TG, Baeckström P, Borg-Karlson AK. Tick repellent substances in the essential oil of Tanacetum vulgare. J Med Entomol. 2008; 45: 88-93.
49.
Kitchen LW, Lawrence KL, Coleman RE. The role of the United States military in the development of vector control products, including insect repellents, insecticides, and bed nets. J Vector Ecol. 2009; 34: 50-61.
50.
Katz TM, Miller JH, Hebert AA. Insect repellents: historical perspectives and new developments. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008; 58: 865-571.
51.
Pretorius AM, Jensenius M, Clarke F, Ringertz SH. Repellent efficacy of DEET and KBR 3023 against Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2003; 40: 245-248.
52.
Karr JI, Speaker TJ, Kasting GB. A novel encapsulation of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) favorably modifies skin absorption while maintaining effective evaporation rates. J Control Release. 2012 ; 28: 502-508.
53.
Bissinger BW, Zhu J, Apperson CS, Sonenshine DE, Watson DW, Roe RM. Comparative e cacy of BioUD to other commercially available arthropod repellents against the ticks Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis on cotton cloth. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 81: 685-690.
54.
Kimps NW, Bissinger BW, Apperson CS, Sonenshine DE, Roe RM. First report of the repellency of 2-tridecanone against ticks. Med Vet Entomol. 2011; 25: 202-208.
55.
Oh J, Bowling JJ, Carroll JF, Demirci B, Başer KH, Leininger TD, Bernier UR, Hamann MT.Natural product studies of U.S. endangered plants: volatile components of Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) repel mosquitoes and ticks. Phytochemistry. 2012; 80: 28-36.
56.
Mencke N. Acaricidal and repellent properties of permethrin, its role in reducing transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Parassitologia. 2006; 48: 139-140.
57.
Faulde MK, Uedelhoven WM, Robbins RG. Contact toxicity and residual activity of di erent permethrin-based fabric impregnation methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), and Lepisma saccharina (Thysanura: Lepismatidae). J Med Entomol. 2003; 40(6): 935-941.
58.
Faulde M, Uedelhoven W. A new clothing impregnation method for personal protection against ticks and biting insects. Int J Med Microbiol. 2006; 296( Suppl 40): 225-229.
59.
Roma GC, de Oliveira PR, Pizano MA, Camargo Mathias MI. Determination of LC(50) of permethrin acaricide in semi-engorged females of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol. 2009; 123: 269-272.
60.
Vaughn MF, Meshnick SR. Pilot study assessing the effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of tick bites. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011; 11: 869-875.
61.
McMahon C, Kröber T, Guerin PM. In vitro assays for repellents and deterrents for ticks: differing effects of products when tested with attractant or arrestment stimuli. Med Vet Entomol. 2003; 17: 370-378.
62.
Foil LD, Coleman P, Eisler M, Fragoso-Sanchez H, Garcia-Vazquez Z, Guerrero FD, et al. Factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 125: 163-181.
63.
Li AY, Davey RB, Miller RJ, George JE. Detection and characterization of amitraz resistance in the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2004; 41: 193-200.
64.
Pohl PC, Klafke GM, Júnior JR, Martins JR, da Silva Vaz I Jr, Masuda A. ABC transporters as a multidrug detoxification mechanism in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitol Res. 2012; 29. [Epub ahead of print].
65.
Kiss T, Cadar D, Spînu M. Tick prevention at a crossroad: new and renewed solutions. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 187: 357-366.
66.
Cetin H, Cilek JE, Oz E, Aydin L, Deveci O, Yanikoglu A. Comparative e cacy of spinosad with conventional acaricides against hard and soft tick populations from Antalya, Turkey.Vet Parasitol. 2009; 163: 101-104.
67.
Bartosik K, Kubrak T, Olszewski T, Jung M, Buczek A. Prevention of tick bites and protection against tick-borne diseases in south-eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2008; 15: 181-185.
68.
Phillips CB, Liang MH, Sangha O, Wright EA, Fossel AH, Lew RA, Fossel KK, Shadick NA. Lyme disease and preventive behaviors in residents of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Am J Prev Med. 2001; 20: 219-224.
| eISSN: | 1898-2263 |
| ISSN: | 1232-1966 |
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
