Introduction and objective:
Conditions resulting from diseases of the brain-gut axis and gum-gut axis show many mutual, often bi-directional interrelationships. The accompanying quantitative and/or qualitative disorders of intestinal microflora may be effectively regulated by implementation of a properly adjusted diet therapy. The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as indications for the mode of nutrition.

Review methods:
A literature review was performed using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. A short synthesis of the collected information was made by a non-systematic literature review.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
From the clinical point of view, SIBO is most often associated with IBS. Both conditions have common symptoms, such as: abdominal pain, flatulence bloating and diarrhea, as well as similar neuropsychological disorders. In turn, IBS have so many characteristics in common with IBD that the term IBS in IBD has even been proposed. Concerning diet therapy, a low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) is the most recommended diet. However, probiotic therapy is recommended to restore microbiological balance.

Summary:
At present, an increasing number of studies indicate a close relationship between SIBO and IBD, with SIBO occurring more often in patients suffering from Crohn’s disease than those with ulcerative colitis. In order to achieve good outcomes of treatment and prevent the recurrence of these diseases, interdisciplinary and inter-professional cooperation is required in the area of skilful, individualized combination of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, probiotic therapy, and diet therapy.