RESEARCH PAPER
Mercury accumulation in plants from contaminated arable lands in Eastern Slovakia
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
 
2
1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
 
3
Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
 
4
1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice,Slovak Republic
 
5
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
 
6
Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Slovak Republic
 
 
Corresponding author
Tatiana Kimáková   

Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Šrobárova 2, 04180, Košice, Slovak Republic
 
 
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020;27(1):29-35
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Objective:
Contamination of soil by mercury poses several risks to human health through consumption of fruits and vegetables. In Slovakia, a high concentration of mercury is found in the soil of the Central Spiš region. The objective of the study is to measure the mercury concentrations in the parts of selected plant species and trees growing within 100 meters of a former ore processing facility.

Material and methods:
A total of 24 samples of plants, 20 samples of parts of needle-leaved trees and 9 samples of parts of broad-leaved trees were collected from soils with a high concentration of mercury. The concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in different parts of the plants: leaves – 18 species, roots – 15 species, stems – 11 species, flowers – 7 species), and different parts of trees (crust – 8 species, branches – 8 species, needles – 5 species, cones – 5 species, leaves – 3 species).

Results:
The concentrations of mercury in the soils taken at a depth of 0.25 m exceeded the maximum allowed levels more than 50-times. Potatoes, parsley and carrots from these soils exceeded the maximum allowed mercury levels 6-times, 5-times and twice, respectively. The average concentrations of mercury in the roots of 2-year onions exceeded the limit more than 50-times. The flowers of cornflower contain 18.20 mg*kg -1 , leaves of dandelion 10.61 mg*kg -1 and roots of plantain 6.80 mg*kg -1 of mercury. Regarding trees, the highest concentrations were found in the branches of juniper and leaves of aspen – more than 1 mg*kg -1.

Conclusions:
The systematic monitoring of mercury is still very important, since it was found that the end of ore processing does not solve the issue of contamination in the Central Spiš region. Therefore, the consumption of fruits and vegetables from the areas of former ore processing facilities is not recommended.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The study was partially supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under contract VEGA 1/0783/18: Biochemical, physiological and haematological status in selected species of hunting game. The paper was also partially supported by the Cultural and Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic under contract KEGA 005UPJŠ-4/2019: Analysis of Lifestyle Risk Factors of University Students and Students of the Third Age University, and under contract KEGA 018PU-4/2018: Innovation of methods and forms of teaching the subject of biochemistry.
REFERENCES (50)
1.
Bencko V, Wagner V. Metals, metalloids and immunity. Methodological approaches and group diagnostics. Centr Europ J Occup Environ Med. 1995; 1(4): 327–337.
 
2.
Bencko V, Novák J, Suk M (Eds.) Health and natural conditions (Medicine and Geology). Praha: Dolin, 2011. (In Czech).
 
3.
Nance P, Patterson J, Willis A, et al. Human health risks from mercury exposure from broken compact fluorescent lamps. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012; 62(3): 542–552.
 
4.
Xu J, Bravo AG, Lagerkvist A, et al. Sources and remediation techniques for mercury contaminated soil. Environ Int. 2015; 74: 42–53.
 
5.
Kottferová J, Koréneková B. The effect of emissions on heavy metals concentrations in cattle from area of on industrial plant in Slovakia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995; 29(3): 400–405.
 
6.
Fazekašová D, Poráčová J. Sustainable agriculture. Prešov: Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 1999. (In Slovak).
 
7.
Drenner RW, Chumchal MM, Jones CM, et al. Effects of mercury deposition and coniferous forests on the mercury contamination of fish in the South Central United States. Environ Sci Technol. 2013; 47: 1274–1279.
 
8.
Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, et al. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Mol Clin Environ Toxicol. 2012; 101: 133–164.
 
9.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Laws and Regulations, 2013, https://www.epa.gov/laws-regul... (access: 2019.06.18).
 
10.
UNEP (The United Nations Environment Programme). Technical background report for the global mercury assessment 2013. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, Norway/UNEP ChemicalsBranch, Geneva, Switzerland; 2013. https://www.amap.no/documents/... (access: 2019.06.18).
 
11.
Kabata-Pendias A. Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC Press, 2010.
 
12.
Almeida ILS, Oliveira MDR, Silva JBB, et al. Suitable extraction of soils and sediments for mercury species and determination combined with the cold vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry technique. Microchem J. 2016; 124: 326–330.
 
13.
Weil RR, Brady NC, Weil RR. The nature and properties of soils. Pearson, 2016.
 
14.
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection. COM/2006/0231, 2006, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/lega... (access: 2019.07.27).
 
15.
Palšová L. Legislation on The Protection of Agricultural Land in the context of the implementation of the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection in Slovak Conditions. EU Agrarian Law. 2014; 3(1): 24–30.
 
16.
Act No. 220/2004 Coll. on the conservation and use of agricultural land and amending Act No. 245/2003 Coll. concerning integrated pollution prevention and control.
 
17.
Kimáková T. Mercury cycle in nature regarding living organism. INFOVET. 1999; 6(4): 36–38. (In Slovak).
 
18.
Kimáková T, Andruch V, Kaľavský F. Mercury content in seafood. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Mineralurgy and Environmental Technologies; Herľany, Slovakia. Košice: Technical University in Košice; 2001. (In Slovak).
 
19.
Kimáková T, Bernasovská K. The Mercury Concentration in Particular Parts of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) in different Areas of Slovakia. Planta Med. 2007; 73(9): 907.
 
20.
Kimáková T, Bernasovská K. Fish consumption. Hygiene. 2007; 52(3): 77–79. (In Slovak).
 
21.
Kimáková T, Kaľavský F. Mercury and its occurrence in individual parts of selected plants of middle Spiš. In: Using experimental methods to protect and promote the health of the population: Proceedings. Košice: Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 2010. pp. 165–171. (In Slovak).
 
22.
Kimáková T, Poráčová J. Mercury content in selected organs of potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in the areas with elevated mercury soil content in Slovakia. In: Epidemiol Suppl. 2011; 22(1): 290.
 
23.
Kimáková T, Cimboláková I, Farkašová Iannaccone S, et al. Environment and its ethical aspects. Košice: Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 2015. (In Slovak).
 
24.
Kimáková T. The occurence of mercury in one of the part in East Slovakia. In: TOXCON 2015. Brno: Tribun EU, 2015. pp. 75.
 
25.
Čurlík J, Šefčík P. Geochemical atlas of the Slovak Republic. Land. Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic, 1999. (In Slovak).
 
26.
Maňkovská B. Mercury concentrations in forest trees from Slovakia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1996; 89: 267–275.
 
27.
Dombaiová R. Mercury and methylmercury in plants from differently contaminated sites in Slovakia. Plant Soil Environ. 2005; 51(10): 456–463.
 
28.
Melicherčík M, Melicherčíková D. Impact of the environment and the effects of substances on the human organism. Banská Bystrica: Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, 2010. (In Slovak).
 
29.
Hauck M, Huneck S. Lichen Substances Affect Metal Adsorption in Hypogymnia physodes. J Chem Ecol. 2007; 33: 219–223.
 
30.
Klinda J, Lieskovská Z, et al. State of the Environment Report of the Slovak Republic 1999. Banská Bystrica: Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Environmental Agency, 1999. (In Slovak).
 
31.
Dadová J, Andráš P, Kupka J, et al. Mercury contamination from historical mining territory at Malachov Hg-deposit (Central Slovakia). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016; 23(3): 2914–2927.
 
32.
AMA 254 Advanced Mecury Analyzer Specification Sheet, 2008, http://www.usbioecuador.com/de... (access: 2019.05.28).
 
33.
Kimáková T, Kuzmová L, Nevolná Z, et al. Fish and fish products as risk factors of mercury exposure. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018; 25(3): 488–493.
 
34.
Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 499/2008 and No. 121/2009 Coll.
 
35.
Paľušová O, Ursínyová M. Mercury residues in the environment and food components of the West Slovakia Region. Čs Hyg. 1989; 34(5): 274–279. (In Slovak).
 
36.
Szprengier-Juskiewicz T. Pobranie rteci wraz z żywnóścią zwierzęcego pochodzenia w Polsce. Med Wet. 1996: 234–237.
 
37.
Cibulka J, et al. Lead, cadmium and mercury cycling in the biosphere. Praha: Academia, 1991. (In Czech).
 
38.
Kottferová J, Bachňáková I, Patočková Ľ. Mercury levels in natural spices and in saromex. In: Proceedings XI. Hygiena Alimentorium. Vysoké Tatry, Starý Smokovec, 1990: pp. 126. (In Slovak).
 
39.
Pavlík V, Sommer A, Kočiščák E, et al. Ecological problems in industrially exposed regions of Eastern Slovakia in relation to agriculture. Nitra: Research Institute of Animal Production, 1997. (In Slovak).
 
40.
Hronec O. Exhales – Soil – Vegetation. Bratislava: Slovak Agricultural and Food Chamber, 1996. (In Slovak).
 
41.
Godbold DL, Huttermann A. Inhibition of photosynthesis and transpiration in relation to mercury – induced root demage in spruce seedlings. Physiol Plant. 1988; 74(2): 270–275.
 
42.
Hlodák M, Matúš P, Urík M, et al. Biogeochemistry of mercury in a soil-plant system in an anthropogenic contaminated area. Chem listy. 2016: 109: 385–389 (In Slovak).
 
43.
Richardson JB, Friedland, AJ. Mercury in coniferous and deciduous upland forests. Biogeosciences. 2015; 12: 6737–6749.
 
44.
Laacouri A, Nater EA, Kolka RK. Distribution and uptake dynamics of mercury in leaves of common decidouos tree species in Minnesota, USA. Environ Sci Technol. 2013; 47(18): 10462–10470.
 
45.
Obrist D, Johnson DW, Edmonds RL. Effects of vegetation type on mercury concentrations and pools in two adjacent coniferous and deciduous forests. J Plant Nutr Soil Sc. 2012; 175:68–77.
 
46.
De Temmerman L, Waegeneers N, Claeys N, et al. Comparison of concentrations of mercury in ambient air to its accumulation by leafy vegetables: An important step in terrestrial food chain analysis. Environ Pollut. 2009; 157: 1337–1341.
 
47.
You H, Li J, Luan Y. Meta-analysis of soil mercury accumulation by vegetables. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 1261.
 
48.
Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Boersch J, et al. Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany. J Environ Manage. 2017; 186: 192–200.
 
49.
Li R, Wu H, Ding J, et al. Mercury pollution in vegetables, grains and soils from areas surrounding coal-fired power plants. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 46545.
 
50.
Filippelli GM, Risch M, Laidlaw MA, et al. Geochemical legacies and the future health of cities: A tale of two neurotoxins in urban soils. Elementa-Sci Anthrop. 2015: 3: 000059.
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top