Introduction and objective:
Physical effort plays a positive role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular status in postmenopausal women after several years of regular amateur training.

Material and methods:
A total of 55 generally healthy females aged 50–70 years, of whom 38 were members of a senior exercise group and 17 comprised a control group, were enrolled in the study. Parameters of blood flow, vascular resistance, myocardial contractility and thoracic fluid content were measured in a 10-minute supine resting test by impedance cardiography. Thereafter, central blood pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were measured by applanation tonometry.

Results:
Exercising women have a better outcome than the control group, when evaluated both with impedance cardiography and with applanation tonometry. They have a lower heart rate – HR (65.1 vs 71.5; p = 0.033), higher blood flow (stroke index – SI, 58.6 vs 50.3; p = 0.040), better myocardial contractility (acceleration index – ACI, 108.8 vs 88.1; p = 0.027), higher preload (thoracic fluid content index – TFCI, 20.5 vs 18.1; p = 0.002), lower afterload (systemic vascular resistance index – SVRI, 1972.9 vs 2110.5; p = 0.026), lower central systolic blood pressure – cBPsys (119.0 vs 129.5; p = 0.037), lower augmentation pressure – AP (10.3 vs 15.0; p = 0.044) and lower pulse wave velocity – PWV (7.4 vs 8.4; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Regular moderate continuous aerobic exercise training has a beneficial impact on the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women.