Poland is one of the most interesting countries in Central and Eastern Europe, where at the beginning of the 90’s major amazing favourable health changes were observed aft er 30 years of increases in cardiovascular mortality between 1960-1990 among adults. In Poland (and neighboring countries), the cardiovascular transformation began with a 20-year delay in comparison to Western Europe. In Poland, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality continuoues to decline, as is the case in western European countries and in North America. The cause of this signifi cant decline of CVD sustained over the last 20 years, seems to be strongly connected with changes in diet, especially rapid changes in vegetable fat consumption. For this reason, but most importantly due to my long and very good collaboration with Polish cardiologists, when in 2005 I began developing study teams for the PURE study, I thought of Poland.