REVIEW PAPER
Assessment of pulmonary embolism mortality in trauma orthopaedic patients and the evaluating role of nursing staff in the early detection of thrombo-embolic complications – literature review and original research
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1
Department of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
2
Scientific Research Group of Department of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
3
Scientific Research Group of Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with the e-Health Laboratory, Medical
University, Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Internal Diseases with Subdepartments of Occupational Diseases and Rapid Diagnostics, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Corresponding author
Zuzanna Kowalczyk
Scientific Research Group of Deparment of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University, Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
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ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a critical complication in orthopaedic surgery, significantly contributing to patient mortality. The review evaluates the impact of nursing knowledge and engagement in the early detection of thromboembolic complications and mortality rates in trauma-orthopaedic wards, emphasizing the importance of the education of nurses and VTE prophylaxis.
Review methods:
A systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on articles published between 2013–2023. Studies assessing nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding VTE, using surveys, questionnaires, and patient observations were included. Data from 276 orthopaedic patients hospitalized between 2012–2020 were also analyzed.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The review indicates that thromboembolic complications are a leading cause of mortality among orthopaedic patients. Nursing education and awareness in VTE prevention vary significantly. Standardized risk assessment tools, such as the Autar and Wells scales, are crucial for early VTE detection. The nurse-to-patient ratio (NTP) is critical, with better NTP ratios correlating with improved outcomes. The data showed significant differences in mortality rates between patients with confirmed PE and those without, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and advanced diagnostic techniques.
Summary:
The review underscores the crucial role of nursing staff in the early detection and prevention of VTE in orthopaedic patients. Despite advancements in prophylaxis, the quality of nursing education and adherence to VTE prevention protocols remain pivotal. Improving nurse training and optimizing the NTP ratio in hospitals are essential for reducing VTE-related mortality.
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