RESEARCH PAPER
Life style and risk of development of breast and ovarian cancer
1
Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(3):379-384
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Many risk factors may be monitored, and individual decisions concerning life style exert an effect on most factors associated with the development of cancer. It is estimated that the majority of malignant cancers, as much as 70%, are the result of the harmful effect of factors related with diet, life style, or those present in the surrounding environment.
Objective:
The objective of the study was analysis of selected factors related with life style and their effect on the risk of development of breast and ovarian cancer.
Methodology:
The study covered healthy women, without the diagnosis of focal lesions in the breast and ovaries, and women with the diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. The study was conducted during the period September 2007 – November 2011, and covered a total of 1,484 women aged 18-80. Odds ratio was calculated for individual risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the statistical packages STATISTICA v8, GrafPad Instat v 3.00, Analyse-it v. 2.2, and Cytel Studio StatXact-8. Statistical hypothesis were verified on the level of significance p ≤ 0.05.
Results:
Health-promoting life style related with physical activity and other health promoting behaviours, such as mode of nutrition, reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption and discontinuation of smoking considerably decrease the risk of development of malignant breast and ovarian cancer. The number and variety of factors which affect the risk of occurrence of cancerous diseases indicate that there is a need for monitoring of the hazard.
Conclusions:
It is necessary to carry out preventive actions which would cover the health education of women, concerning life style-related risk factors and methods of their modification.
Many risk factors may be monitored, and individual decisions concerning life style exert an effect on most factors associated with the development of cancer. It is estimated that the majority of malignant cancers, as much as 70%, are the result of the harmful effect of factors related with diet, life style, or those present in the surrounding environment.
Objective:
The objective of the study was analysis of selected factors related with life style and their effect on the risk of development of breast and ovarian cancer.
Methodology:
The study covered healthy women, without the diagnosis of focal lesions in the breast and ovaries, and women with the diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. The study was conducted during the period September 2007 – November 2011, and covered a total of 1,484 women aged 18-80. Odds ratio was calculated for individual risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the statistical packages STATISTICA v8, GrafPad Instat v 3.00, Analyse-it v. 2.2, and Cytel Studio StatXact-8. Statistical hypothesis were verified on the level of significance p ≤ 0.05.
Results:
Health-promoting life style related with physical activity and other health promoting behaviours, such as mode of nutrition, reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption and discontinuation of smoking considerably decrease the risk of development of malignant breast and ovarian cancer. The number and variety of factors which affect the risk of occurrence of cancerous diseases indicate that there is a need for monitoring of the hazard.
Conclusions:
It is necessary to carry out preventive actions which would cover the health education of women, concerning life style-related risk factors and methods of their modification.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
Zatoński W (Ed.). Europejski kodeks walki z rakiem. (European Code Against Cancer and scie.ntific justification) 2003 (in Polish).
2.
Kordek R. (Ed.). Onkologia. Podręcznik dla studentów i lekarzy. (Oncology. Handbook for students and physicians. Third Edition) Wydanie trzecie. VIA MEDICA. 2007, pp.390 (in Polish).
3.
Rogulski L, Oszukowski P. Epidemiological models for breast cancer risk estimation. Ginekol Pol. 2011; 82: 451-454.
4.
Gromadzka A, Kubiczak M, Jankowska A. Gene therapy applications in gynecologic malinances management. Ginekol Pol. 2010; 81(1): 50-54.
5.
Smoleń A, Stachowicz N, Czekierowski A, Kotarski J. The estimation of the probability of tumor malignacy on the basis of test combination in the primary diagnosis of adnexal tumors. Ginekol Pol. 2010; 81(4): 254-261.
6.
Zalewski K, Rzepka J, Mądry J, Dańska-Bidzińska A, Bidziński M. Pattern of failure in endometrial cancer patients. Ginekol Pol. 2009; 80(9): 687-693.
7.
Markowska J. (Ed.). Ginekologia Onkologiczna. Vol. 2, (Oncologic Gynaecology. Vol. 2). URBAN&PARTNER 2006 (in Polish).
8.
Hossfeld DK, Sherman CD, et al. Podręcznik onkologii klinicznej (Handbook of clinical oncology). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Kraków 1994: p. 37-90 (in Polish).
9.
Coronado GD, Beasley J, Livaudais J. Alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. Salud Publica Max. 2011; 53: 440-447.
10.
Stasiołek D, Kwaśniewska M, Drygas W. Rak sutka-wybrane czynniki ryzyka, prewencja pierwotna. (Breast cancer and selected risk factors, primary prevention). Przeg Lek. 2002; 59: 26-30 (in Polish).
11.
Pięta B, Grodecka-Gazdecka S, Chmaj-Wierzchowska K, Kramer L, Opala T. Analiza ilorazu szans zachorowania na nowotwory złośliwe gruczołu piersiowego (Analysis of odds ratio for developing malignant breast cancer). Ginekol Pol. 2011; 82(10): 755-760 (in Polish).
12.
Bednarek W, Mazurek M, Ćwiklińska A, Barczyński B. Expression of select angiogenesis markers and modulators in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women with ovarian cancer. Ginekol Pol. 2009; 80(2): 88-92.
13.
Lange E, Pyzalska M. Ocena sposobu żywienia osób z chorobą nowotworową. (Evaluation of the mode of nutrition among cancer patients). Żyw Człow. 2008; XXXV (1): 36-51 (in Polish).
14.
Kruk A, Kładna A. Aktywność sportowa w młodości kobiet po mastektomii na tle grupy kontrolnej (Sports activity at young age among women after mastectomy, compared to the control group). Med Sport. 1999; 99: 29-33 (in Polish).
15.
Kaleta-Stasiołek D, Szmigielska K, Jegier A. Aktywność ruchowa w profilaktyce wybranych chorób nowotworowych (Physical activity in prophylaxis of selected cancerous diseases). Pol Arch Med Wew. 2003; 6(6): 661-668 (in Polish).
16.
Pukkala E, Poskiparta M, Apter D, et al. Life-long physical activity and cancer risk among Finnish female teachers. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1993; 2: 369-371.
17.
Thune K, Brenn T, Lund E, et al. Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1269-1273.
18.
Dorgan JF, Brown C, Barrett M, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer in the Framingham heart study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994; 139: 662-670.
19.
Verloop J, Rookus MA, van der Kooy K, Van Leeuwen FE. Physical activity and breast cancer risk in women aged 20-54 years. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000; 92(2): 128-135.
20.
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL. Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: a preliminary report. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 45: 312-315.
21.
Albanes D, Blair AV, Taylor PR. Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population. Am Public Health. 1989;79: 744-750.
22.
Zadrożny M. Postępowanie w złośliwych i łagodnych schorzeniach sutka. Diagnostyka i terapia wieku menopauzalnego. (Management of malignant and benign breast diseases. Diagnostics and therapy at menopausal age). Pertyński T. (Ed.). Urban&Partner, Wrocław, 2004 (in Polish).
23.
Sajdak S, Witczak K, Sroka Ł, Samulak D. Wpływ palenia tytoniu na zdrowie ginekologiczne kobiety. (Effect of smoking on gynaecological health of women). Przegl Lek. 2005; 62(10): 1154-1158 (in Polish).
24.
Słomko Z. (Ed.) Ginekologia. (Gynaecology) Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2008: 623-676 (in Polish).
25.
Ostrowska L, Czapska D, Karczewski J. Otyłość jako czynnik ryzyka nowotworu sutka u kobiet. (Obesity as breast cancer risk factor). Pol Merk Lek. 2003; XIV (81): 224 (in Polish).
26.
Cui Y, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: update of a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006; 14.
27.
Pawlęga J. Rak sutka a palenie papierosów, picie wódki i sposób odżywiania. (Breast cancer and cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and mode of nutrition). Nowotwory 1993; 43: 110-116 (in Polish).
28.
Kadohama N, Shintani K, Osawa Y. Tobacco alkaloid derivatives as inhibitors of breast cancer aromatase. Cancer Letter. 1993; 75: 175-179.
29.
Baranowski W. Choroby nowotworowe w menopauzie i hormonalna terapia zastępcza. (Cancerous diseases at menopausal age and hormone replacement therapy) In: Klimakterium. Problemy kliniczne. Hormonalna terapia zastępcza. (Ed.). Jakowicki J. Wydawnictwo Folium, Lublin, 1995:p. 89-100 (in Polish).
30.
Gram IT. Braaten T, Terry PD, et al. Breast cancer risk among women who start smoking as teenagers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005; 14(1): 61-66.
31.
Olso J, Vachon C, Vierkant R, et al. Pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005; 80: 1423-1428.
32.
Nagata C, Mizoue T, Tanaca K, et al. Tobacco smoking and Brest cancer risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence among the Japanese Population. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006; 36: 387-394.
33.
Maskarinec G, Zhang Y, Takata Y, et al. Trends of Brest cancer incidence and risk factor prevalence over 25 years. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006; 98(1): 45-55.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1898-2263 |
| ISSN: | 1232-1966 |
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
